Fly ash contains trace concentrations of heavy metals and other substances that are known to be detrimental to health in sufficient quantities. Potentially toxic trace elements in coal include arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, barium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, radium, selenium, thorium, uranium, vanadium, and zinc. Approximately 10 percent of the mass of coals burned in the United States consists of unburnable mineral material that becomes ash, so the concentration of most trace elements in coal ash is approximately 10 times the concentration in the original coal.A 1997 analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) found that fly ash typically contained 10 to 30 ppm of uranium, comparable to the levels found in some granitic rocks, phosphate rock, and black shale.As of 2006, about 125 million tons of "coal-combustion byproducts," including fly ash

Hazardous Coal Ash Sites - A Serious Environmental Risk
By Bill Pritchard

Last year, the EPA released a list of over 40 "high hazard potential" sites around the country that contain coal combustion residuals, which are commonly referred to as coal ash. This substance is a product of burning coal and is often stored in containment ponds or dams near electrical utilities. As coal ash leaches into the soil and spills into areas surrounding these facilities, there can be serious ramifications on human and animal health, residential areas, and the environment. These storage ponds hold fly ash, bottom ash, coal slag, and flue gas residues that contain toxic metals such as mercury, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, and lead-all potentially toxic to people and wildlife.

Waste Generation

According to the EPA's website, "the coal combustion process generates ash equal to about 10 percent of the original volume of the coal. About 95 percent of the ash is retained:

· Fly ash is entrained with hot flue gases, trapped by stack filters, and accounts for about 74% of the ash generated

· Bottom ash, too large or heavy to be entrained, settles to the bottom of the boiler and accounts for about 20% of the ash generated

· Boiler slag, formed when the ash melts under the intense heat, collects at the bottom of the boiler and in exhaust stack filters, and accounts for about 6% of the ash generated.

The average yearly generation of coal ash is about 61 million metric tons (MT). In 1990, the combustion of coal in utility and industrial boilers generated 61.6 million MT of coal ash and slags and 17.2 million MT of sludges."*

Due to several recent coal ash spills, the EPA and other federal regulatory agencies are cracking down on the assessment, maintenance, and clean up of coal ash storage ponds in the United States. These agencies will request information from facilities about their operations and then thoroughly review it to identify issues that need priority attention. Some agencies will also visit many of these facilities to see if the management units are structurally sound. The top five states that are home to these "high hazard potential" sites include: North Carolina, Arizona, Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia.

Although the risks associated with hazardous coal ash sites can be devastating to the communities surrounding them, this is a chance for our government to take a more active role in making sure electrical (and other energy) utility sites are operating responsibly. This is also a great opportunity for insurance agents to assist their clients-those who operate energy utilities as well as contractors who may be hired to clean them up-and make sure they have adequate environmental insurance. Take this opportunity to help your insureds protect themselves from a potentially disastrous financial loss and secure the future of their businesses and workforces.

* Information sited from the EPA's webpage on coal ash: http://www.epa.gov/radiation/tenorm/coalandcoalash.html.

Bill Pritchard is the President of Beacon Hill Associates, Inc., a wholesale insurance broker and program administrator, specializing in the placement of environmental insurance and other specialty coverages such as Site Specific Pollution and packaged insurance coverages for agents nationwide. Beacon Hill Associates, Inc. can be found online at: B-H-A.com.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Bill_Pritchard
http://EzineArticles.com/?Hazardous-Coal-Ash-Sites---A-Serious-Environmental-Risk&id=3939948